【摘要】 目的 在超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活组织病理学检查鉴别诊断良、恶性肿瘤。 方法 对56例超声诊断乳腺实质性肿块的女性患者,采用日本生产自动活检枪及18G活检针,在超声引导下穿刺乳腺肿块,取出组织2块,送病理学检查。 结果 病理诊断乳腺纤维腺瘤24例(42.9%),乳腺恶性肿瘤32例(57.1%),其中浸润性导管癌19例,髓样癌10例,硬癌2例,炎性癌1例。 结论 高频超声引导下乳腺肿块术前穿刺活检,可确定良、恶性肿瘤,对制定手术方案提供了依据,替代术中快速活检,缩短了手术时间,提高了手术质量,是一种理想诊断方法。 关键词 乳腺肿瘤 穿刺 超声 病理学 活组织检查 Research on breast neoplasm biopsy pathology through puncture guided by high frequency ultrasound before operation
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the role of the high frequency ultrasound in the puncture biopsy pathology in breast neoplasm to distinguish benign and malignant tumor.Methods 56cases were choosed,which were female patient,and were diagnosed as parenchymatous tumor by ultrasound,were punctured guided by high frequency with au-tomatic biopsy gun and18G puncture needle made in Japan.2pieces sampled and tested for pathology.Results 24out of56cases(42.9%)were diagnosed as fibroadenoma.32cases(57.1%)were diagnosed as malignant tumors,in which there were19infiltrating ductal carcinoma,10medullary carcinoma,2mucinous carcinoma,1inflammatory car-cinoma.Conclusion The breast neoplasm biopsy pathology through puncture guided by high frequency ultrasound could distinguish benign and malignant tumor,help making the operation plan,substitute fast biopsy in operation,shorten operation time.It could be an ideal diagnostic method. Key words breast neoplasms puncture ultrasound pathology biopsy 乳腺肿瘤是妇女的常见病,超声引导下活检鉴别良、恶性肿瘤,有利于指导临床医师选择手术方式。我院2000年6月~2004年10月对56例乳腺肿块患者进行超声引导下穿刺活检检查,取得满意效果,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 本组56例均为女性患者,年龄33~66岁,平均48岁,患者因乳腺胀痛发现乳腺肿块就诊,临床体检发现乳腺肿块申请超声检查,超声检查诊断、肿瘤大者3.2cm×2.6cm,小者1.5cm×1.2cm。 1.2 方法 使用仪器为东芝Povervison-6000彩色多普勒超声仪,探头频率7.5MHz。患者仰卧位,对乳腺进行4象限及乳头为中心多切面扫描,观察肿瘤内部回声、边界,测量大小,测量肿瘤距体表的深度,并对肿瘤做好标记。采用日本生产自动活检枪及18G活检针,常规消毒皮肤,铺无菌洞巾,用2%利多卡因局部麻醉,将探头涂少量耦合剂,套消毒套,安装穿刺导向器。在超声引导下将穿刺针经穿刺导向器穿刺入肿瘤包膜内放枪,取肿瘤组织2块,95%酒精固定,送病理检查。
2 结果 56例病理诊断良性肿瘤24例(42.9%),其中乳腺纤维腺21例(37.5%),乳腺增生病2例(3.6%),乳腺纤维瘤1例(1.8%);乳腺恶性肿瘤32例(57.1%),其中浸润性导管癌19例(33.9%),髓样癌10例(17.9%),硬癌2例(3.6%),炎性癌1例(1.8%)。 3 讨论 乳腺癌是女性最常见的肿瘤,在我国占全身各种恶性肿瘤的7%~10% [1] 。我国乳腺癌患病呈持续上升的趋势,成为威胁妇女健康的首位癌症,必须引起高度重视。目前对乳腺肿块的诊断,主要依靠临床医生的查体、钼靶摄片、远红外线扫描、乳腺B超等无创性方法,但由于其诊断符合率相对较低,且不能明确肿块病理类型,外科医生在决定手术方式前仍需行术中冰冻。如何能够在术前对肿瘤定性,是外科医生研究的课题 [2]。 |